1467 - The miraculous image of Our Lady of Good Counsel appears in Genazzano, Italy.

1802 - Napoleon Bonaparte signs a general amnesty to allow all but about one thousand of the most notorious émigrés of the French Revolution to return to France, as part of a reconciliary gesture with the factions of the Ancien Regime and to eventually consolidate his own rule.

1933 - The Gestapo, the official secret police force of Nazi Germany, is established.

1937 - Spanish Civil War: Guernica, Spain is bombed by German Luftwaffe.

1942 - The worst mining accident in history kills 1,549 miners in an explosion at the Honkeiko Colliery, Manchuria.

1945 - World War II: Battle of Bautzen - last successful German tank offensive of the war and last noteworthy victory of the Wehrmacht.

1962 - NASA's Ranger 4 spacecraft crashes into the Moon.

1963 - In Libya, amendments to the constitution transform Libya (United Kingdom of Libya) into one national unity (Kingdom of Libya) and allows for female participation in elections.

1964 - Tanganyika and Zanzibar merge to form Tanzania.

1982 - 57 people are killed by former Korean police officer Woo Bum-kon in a shooting spree in Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea.